NIGERIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY

Prevalence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Symptoms Manifestation across Demographic Variables among Internally Displaced Persons in Jos, Nigeria

2022-11-21T07:14:41+00:00

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) affects functioning in the three domains of cognitive, occupational, and social functioning. Such studies among Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) in Nigeria are sparse. This study aims to assess the prevalence of PTSD as well as its manifestation in the three clusters of intrusion, avoidance, and hypervigilance against demographic characteristics of age, gender, marital status, and educational level following clashes between Fulani herdsmen and Berom ethnic group in Jos, North central Nigeria. A cross-sectional study design was used to systematically select 248 adult IDPs aged 18 years and above. The DSM-IV PTSD-8 inventory structured scale questionnaire was used to screen for PTSD symptoms. A cross tabulation analysis of PTSD and the demographic variables was performed. The result revealed that the prevalence of PTSD was 85.5% in all participants. There was a significant relationship between gender and intrusion (χ²= 21.787, P=0.0005), avoidance (χ² =14.754, P=0.005), and hypervigilance (χ² =8.229, P =0.0004). Age, was also significant with intrusion (χ²=27.872, P=0.0005), and avoidance (χ²= 16.158, p=0.006); with no significant relationship between hypervigilance symptoms (χ² =10.743, P =0.057). There was a significant relationship between marital status and intrusion (χ²=131.617, p=0.0005); avoidance (χ²=12.316, P=0.002); and intrusion (χ²=29.771, P=0.0005). There was a significant relationship between educational level and intrusion (χ²=23.617, P=0.0005); avoidance (χ²=12.825, P=0.005); and hypervigilance (χ²=14.914, P=0.002). It is essential that community based mental health care serivices and psychological support be provided to IDPs so as to get some relief and to prevent further complications associated with PTSD.

Attitude Towards the Use of Face Masks in Preventing Covid-19 among Yaba Residents.

2022-11-22T05:44:55+00:00

A person’s positive evaluation towards the use of face masks may be a critical factor in the prevention and management of Covid-19 and other related virus outbreaks. This study investigated the attitude of Yaba residents towards the use of face masks for the purpose of identifying differences that may be peculiar to residents whose statuses were categorized as employees, students and the self-employed. An online survey of social whatsapp groups within Yaba district was conducted to enable the authors fulfill the inclusion criteria of Yaba residents. A total of 262 responses were fit for analysis. The responses were subjected to a factor analysis to determine the reliability of the instrument. Thus, a coefficient alpha statistic of 0.88 was obtained. A One Way between subject ANOVA statistics suggested statistical significant differences in the attitude of the Yaba residents towards the use of face masks. (F(259) = 3.9, p = 0.022). A Scheffe post hoc analysis suggested that participants who were employees expressed a better attitude (M=80.84, SD=10.33) towards the use of face mask compared to participants who were self=employed (M=76.59, SD=13.66), and participants who were students (M=77.05, SD=12.72). Additional results suggested that females had a higher positive attitude (M=80.29, SD=11.54) compared to males (M=77.10, SD=12.11) t (260) =-2.150, p=0.032.) It is recommended that efforts to curb the spread of a virus should focus on different groups in the society due to their peculiarities .

Doctor-Patient Communication, Patient Trust and Patient Satisfaction among People Living with HIV/AIDS in Federal Medical Centre Makurdi, Nigeria.

2022-11-22T07:14:47+00:00

This study investigated doctor-patient communication, patient trust and patient satisfaction among PLWHA in Federal Medical Centre Makurdi. The study employed cross-sectional survey design where 150 PLWHA comprised of 85(56.7%) males and 65(43.3%) females were enlisted. Age range was from 42-68years with a mean age of 55.60years (SD=9.70). The researchers used Accidental sampling to draw the participants for the study. Three instruments were used for data collection; Doctor-Patient Communication Questionnaire, Trust in Physician Scale and the Patient Satisfaction Scale. Simple Linear Regression and Standard Multiple Regression were used for data analysis. Results indicated that there was a significant influence of doctor-patient communication on patient satisfaction among PLWHA in Federal Medical Centre Makurdi. Secondly, there was a significant influence of patient trust on patient satisfaction among PLWHA in Federal Medical Centre Makurdi. Also, there was a significant joint influence of doctor-patient communication and patient trust on patient satisfaction among PLWHA in Federal Medical Centre Makurdi. Since communication was found to be key in the medical setting, the researchers reiterated the need for doctors to enhance the relay of information concerning treatment procedures and outcome to their patients. This will also energize them to adhere to medications especially among those living with HIV/AIDS.

Placebo An Essential Ingredient in Counseling-Education for Daimonomageia (Witchcrafts): A Case Study of Diverse Health Conditions in the Amuzi Community

2022-11-22T08:06:46+00:00

Witchcraft has recognized the potency and availability of force to influence the mind and cause misfortunes. Our research aims at resolving health issues attributable to witchcraft. The 148 people who testified of their ill-health were caused by witchcraft attack participated. We assess their social-cultural beliefs and medical conditions to ascertain their health claims. We grouped them into two- groups-A (absence of identifiable ill-health) and group B (the presence of identifiable ill-health). The group-B was according to identifiable ill-health via Group B1 (Diabetes), B2 (Stroke), B3 (Heart disease), B4 Kidney disease), B5 (Body pains), B6 (Liver disease), B7 (Childlessness), and B8 (Insanity). Each person was given individualized counseling and told to list their problems and the name of the suspects who inflicted them. Laboratory screening on them ascertained their health conditions. The names of the purported entities causing the ill-health were written down and followed by psychological counseling to convince them that burning the paper with their names written on it will disconnect their power over them. The underlying ill-health of each participant received proper diagnosed and treatment. The feeling of a problem solved dispelled the fear affecting them. Illnesses were treated, following proper diagnosis through biochemical indices. The results were in percentage recovery. From the result, 60% in group-A recovered. The recovered group-B were: B1 (70%) B2, (20%), B3 (65%), B4 (83%), B5 (73%), B6 (40%), B7 (67%) and B8 (40%). Further analyses revealed the disease comorbid. Biodata's information revealed their proclivity to witchcraft. The findings showcased the placebo effect.

Demographics, Mental Health Literacy, and Delay Factor on Mental Health Help-Seeking Attitude in Inner City Youths in Uyo, Nigeria.

2022-11-22T14:54:30+00:00

The study aimed at investigating the roles demographic factors, mental health literacy and delay factor play in the help-seeking attitude towards mental healthcare among young adults within the inner city of Uyo in Akwa Ibom state, Nigeria. Measures of mental health literacy, delay factor and attitude towards help-seeking for mental health help seeking as well as socio-demographic variables were administered to 385 participants aged 18 to 24 years. Participants were selected based on multistage sampling technique from the inner city areas. Bivariate analyses and stepwise regression model were used to analyse data. It was observed that delay factor (r = -0.18; p <.01) and mental health literacy were significantly associated with attitude toward mental health (r = -0.16; p <.01) while age (r = -0.03; p >.05), sex (r = -0.06; p >.05), and income (r = 0.04; p >.05) were not significantly associated with attitude toward mental health. Further, it was observed that delay factor was a more robust predictor {β = -0.18; p <.00} of attitude toward mental health than mental health literacy {β = -0.13; p <.01}. These findings point to the important roles knowledge about mental health and reasons for delay play in understanding help-seeking attitude of youths towards mental health. The study concludes that interventions should target at removing barriers and societal stigmas in addition to better enlightenment on mental health care

Demographic Factors and Dental Anxiety as Predictors of Oral Health -Related Quality of Life among Dental Patients in OAUTHC Ile-Ife, Nigeria.

2022-12-12T11:24:33+00:00

Anxiety as a common neurosis among dental patients has become a worrisome health issue associated with a far-reaching negative implication on general well-being. Therefore, this study investigated Demographic Factors and Dental Anxiety as Predictors of Oral Health-Related Quality of Life among Dental Patients in Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital (OAUTH), Ile-Ife. Cross-sectional design was adopted. Data was gathered using self-report questionnaire. Total of 454 dental patients were randomly selected among patients attending dental clinics in OAUTH. One hundred and ninety-eight 198 were males and 256 were females. T-test for independent samples and multiple regressions were used at .05 level of significance. Female participants scored significantly higher on oral quality of life than male participants t(442) = -8.893). Dental patients who are singles scored significantly higher on the measures of oral quality of life t (442) = 11.764). Sex, age, marital status, educational qualification, illness duration and times of been in the hospital jointly predicted physical function domain of oral quality of life (R = .549; R² =.302; F (7,446) = 27.521). Sex (β = .233); illness duration (β = -.337) and dental anxiety t (442) = -8.582) independently predicted physical function domain of oral quality of life.ender, marital status, illness duration and dental anxiety were important factors in oral health quality of life. It was recommended that psychologists can develop anxiety reducing therapy for the dental patients to reduce the anxiety that arises as a result of poor dental treatment approach