Abstract

The study explored the predictive impact of cognitive distortions and social support on depression among secondary school students in Oyo State. Employing a correlational research design, it examined the relationships among these variables. A total of 410 participants were selected using a multi-stage random sampling technique. Data were collected through three validated instruments: the Cognitive Distortion Scale (CDS), the Social Support Scale (SSS), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Analysis was conducted using Pearson's Product-Moment Correlation and Multiple Regression Analysis. Results indicated a significant positive correlation between cognitive distortions and depression (r = 0.270, p < .01). In contrast, social support showed significant negative correlations with both depression (r = -0.361, p < .01) and cognitive distortions (r = -0.287, p < .01). The regression model significantly predicted depression scores (p < .001), accounting for 16.1% of the variance. These findings suggest that higher levels of distorted thinking are linked to increased depressive symptoms, while stronger social support networks are associated with lower levels of depression. The study concluded that cognitive distortions and social support exert critical yet opposing influences on psychological well-being. It recommends that counseling interventions integrate cognitive restructuring techniques and strategies to enhance social support in order to reduce depression among adolescents. Additionally, school-based mental health programs should raise awareness about maladaptive thought patterns and reinforce interpersonal support systems to promote resilience and emotional stability.

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